After a late-night voting session on the floor, the Senate on April 5 approved a retooled version of the FY2025 budget resolution (H. Con. Res. 14) that would unlock the reconciliation process for a tax bill, set a current policy baseline that wouldn't count the $4 trillion cost of Tax Cuts & Jobs Act (TCJA) extensions, and provide the Finance Committee an instruction for up to a $1.5 trillion deficit increase for additional tax cuts. The vote was 51-48. Senators Susan Collins (R-ME) and Rand Paul (R-KY) joined all Democrats and independents in voting against the resolution. The budget resolution now moves to the House side for approval.

The vote on passage followed the "vote-a-rama" process of multiple amendment votes that caps consideration of the budget resolution in the Senate. Democrats offered a series of unsuccessful amendments challenging the tax cut extensions, the $2 trillion in mandatory spending cuts that the House plan provides for, President Trump's new tariff announcements and other issues.

The resolution retains the House budget's reconciliation instructions to House committees and provides different instructions to Senate committees. Senator Josh Hawley (R-MO) cosponsored an amendment with Finance Committee Ranking Member Ron Wyden (D-OR) to remove Medicaid from the budget's instruction to the House Energy and Commerce Committee to find $880 billion in savings. That amendment also had the support of Republican Senators Collins and Lisa Murkowski (R-AK), but failed, 49-50.

Senator Dan Sullivan (R-AK) voted with Democrats on two amendments related to the Social Security Administration. Senator Patty Murray (D-WA) was absent for most of the voting session.

Amendment votes included:

• Senator Sullivan #2035, to establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to protecting Medicare and Medicaid, agreed to 51-48
• Senator Jeff Merkley (D-OR) #1758, to create a point of order against legislation that would create more debt over a 30-year period than has accumulated over the past 249 years, not agreed to 46-53
• Senator Jack Reed (D-RI) #1645, to establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to healthcare coverage, which may include legislation prohibiting reduction in enrollment or benefits for individuals enrolled in Medicaid, not agreed to 48-51
• Senator Ben Ray Luján (D-NM) #1726, strike the provision relating to the instructions to the Committee on Agriculture, not agreed to 47-51
• Senator Mark Warner (D-VA) #1310, to establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to strengthening protections for members of the armed forces regarding commercial messaging apps, not agreed to 46-53
• Senator Angela Alsobrooks (D-MD) #1466, to establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to prohibiting attacks on federal employees by protecting legally binding collective bargaining agreements and the right to organize, not agreed to 48-51
• Senator Mark Kelly (D-AZ) #1737, to establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to legislation that does not increase tax breaks for the wealthy, not agreed to by voice vote
• Senator Chris Murphy (D-CT) #1977, to establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to legislation that does not increase tax breaks for the wealthy, not agreed to by voice vote
• Senator Angus King (I-ME) #1773, no tax cuts for anyone earning more than $1 billion per year, not agreed to by voice vote
• Senator Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) #1647, to establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to legislation that does not increase tax breaks for wealthy corporations, not agreed to by voice vote
• Senate Democratic Leader Chuck Schumer (D-NY) #1884, to rescind tariffs put in place after January 20, 2025, except for those that apply to certain foreign rivals, not agreed to 46-53
• Senator Alex Padilla (D-CA) #1774, to reaffirm the importance of FEMA, not agreed to 48-51
• Senator Michael Bennet (D-CO) #1646, to establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to preservation of security assistance to Ukraine, not agreed to 48-51
• Senator Paul #1760, to lower the debt ceiling increase under the resolution, not agreed to 5-94
• Senator Jon Ossoff (D-GA) #2186, to establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to reversing cuts to the Social Security Administration, not agreed to 49-50
• Senator John Hickenlooper (D-CO) #2107, to establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund to prevent the use of proceeds of public land sales to decrease the federal deficit, not agreed to 48-51
• Senator Cory Booker (D-NJ) #1441, to establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund to prevent the Department of Agriculture from not honoring contracts made with farmers, not agreed to by voice vote
• Senator Mazie Hirono (D-HI) #2180, to prevent DOGE from closing Social Security offices, not agreed to 48-51
• Senator Andy Kim (D-NJ) #1644, to establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to increased barriers for caregivers, not agreed to 49-50
• Senator Bernie Sanders (I-VT) #2126, to allow the Senate to increase the minimum wage to $17/hour by simple majority vote, not agreed to 47-52
• Senator Catherine Cortez Masto (D-NV) #1690, to create a point of order against legislation that would increase drug costs for seniors and people with disabilities on Medicare, not agreed to 49-50
• Senator Tammy Baldwin (D-WI) #1693, to establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to preventing a reduction in Medicaid funding that could lead to rural hospital closures, or cost increase for individuals with other kinds of insurance, not agreed to 49-50
• Senator Peter Welch (D-VT) #1661, to create a point of order against legislation that defunds essential services for children, families and seniors, including programs like Meals on Wheels and Head Start, not agreed to by voice vote
• Senator Edward Markey (D-MA) #1529, to preserve access to Social Security's phone service, not agreed to 48-51
• Senator Raphael Warnock (D-GA) #2177, to establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to access to health care, which may include legislation preventing cuts in Medicaid funding that could lead to benefit cuts, coverage loss, or slashed provider payments, not agreed to 48-51
• Senator Jeanne Shaheen (D-NH) #1602, to establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund relating to extending the Affordable Care Act's enhanced premium tax credits, not agreed to by voice vote
• Senator Wyden #1989, to strike reconciliation instructions to the House Energy and Commerce Committee to cut $880 billion from Medicaid, not agreed to, 49-50
• Senator Jacky Rosen (D-NV) #2152, to provide tax relief for the middle class, not agreed to 47-52